13There are several types of such drawings. The seal ring which rotates with the shaft is called the rotary ring. The scope of our mechanical seal product range far exceeds any other seal manufacturer. With a lower k value the safety against thermal overload will increase but the mechanical seal may also lift off more easily. Ø1375 to Ø2625 shaftsleeve gaddis g1 cartridge seal range dwg for ansi pumps big bore. Mechanical seal selection The spring is in the product. B Slide rotary unit on shaft sleeve and set the back of the rotary unit on the second scribe line as determined in step 8. 9 Install the mechanical seal in the pump. Mechanical seals or parts of them which have been subjected to a hit or an impact must be made. Probably the most widely recognized and also most common mechanical seal used in general service low pressure applications. Static air pressure test to 100 production. In the critical sealing of boiler feed and boiler circulation water Flowserve continues to innovate new technology. The seal between the rotating 3 and stationary faces 1. 12 represents an example of a production drawing. Drawings of related components may be given on the same sheet. The standards put forth by API Standard 682 are meant to give you the tools to optimize product temperaturesmaximize facelubrication minimize leakageandreduceemissions. Stationary mechanical seal in inch dimensions. Refer to page 2 through 6 to identify the seal. A Place gland with stationary seal face and gasket on the pump shaft. 511 Make sure that the mechanical seal is corresponding to the assembly drawing. Make sure the seal matches the unit where installation will take place. Sigma Seals Products Mechanical seal configurations and options are as vast as pump models and designs. The key to maximizing mechanical seal reliability and minimizing total cost of ownership is in controlling the environment in and around the seal.
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Prefer to play without ads Download the paid version or upgrade from within the game 'Addictive, time-sucking fun. There are plenty of tower defense strategy games out there, but TowerMadness brings the genre to a new level. Replays let you learn new strategies or share your games with the world through Twitter, Facebook, or email. IPad owners, check out "TowerMadness HD" for the Pocket Gamer Readers' Choice iPad Game of the Year Award winning version of this game."Addictive, time-sucking fun. There are plenty of tower defense strategy games out there, but TowerMadness brings the genre to a new level."- Brian X Chen, Wired"If youre a fan of Tower Defense games, do yourself a huge favor and check out TowerMadness."- Jon Phillips, MacLife"It would be madness to miss this comes highly recommended."- Spanner Spencer, PocketGamerTowerMadness is the original hit game from the makers of Zombie Gunship and Nuts! Evil aliens are coming to turn your beloved sheep into intergalactic scarves! Protect the flock using only quick thinking and the arsenal of upgradeable weaponry at your disposal. TowerMadness Zero is a FULLY FEATURED, ad-supported version of TowerMadness. Prefer to play without ads? Download the paid version or upgrade from within the game! WINNER, Best App Ever Awards, Best Strategy Game FINALIST, Pocket Gamer Awards, Best Strategy/Simulation Game A Wired Favorite iPhone App A MacLife App of the Year Gizmodo Top 10 Free App of the Week!A UNIQUE 3D TOWER DEFENSE EXPERIENCEPlay from an aerial view or zoom down to first person and get close to the action.LOTS OF LEVELSOver 100 maps in diverse environments (35 available as expansion map packs). #Towermadness zero borderlands upgrade#.IPad owners, check out "TowerMadness HD" for the Pocket Gamer Readers' Choice iPad Game of the Year Award winning version of this game. Global leaderboards, Game Center achievements, and Friend Scores so you can compare scores with your friends and the millions of players worldwide. Think fast to defeat the 17 different types of alien enemies intent on stealing your sheep.Įndless mode lets you see how many waves you can withstand. Over 100 maps in diverse environments (35 available as expansion map packs). Play from an aerial view or zoom down to first person and get close to the action. FINALIST, Pocket Gamer Awards, Best Strategy/Simulation Game.WINNER, Best App Ever Awards, Best Strategy Game.Prefer to play without ads? Download the paid version or upgrade from within the game! TowerMadness is the original hit game from the makers of Zombie Gunship and Nuts! Evil aliens are coming to turn your beloved sheep into intergalactic scarves! Protect the flock using only quick thinking and the arsenal of upgradeable weaponry at your disposal. "It would be madness to miss this comes highly recommended." "If you’re a fan of Tower Defense games, do yourself a huge favor and check out TowerMadness." There are plenty of tower defense strategy games out there, but TowerMadness brings the genre to a new level." also plays out as an enthusiastic proponent for its coming. While the notion impending doom is depicted as inevitable across the record, L.W. The slanted commentary culminates with its final lines, “Cheat me out of living my life? / I exercise my right to die”–– undeniably anchored in current times. doesn’t so much question the notion of collective responsibility as it asserts it, (“Human race deserves its steaming fate on a plate”) oftentimes blurring the line between Gizzard lore and reality.Ĭase in point, recent single ‘Pleura’ introduces the “Necromancer”, a personification of the collection of nefarious human traits that have led mankind into a cul-de-sac. The new album is even starker in its depiction of the turn world events are taking. The album expands on the idea of the imminent arrival of a phantasmagoric apocalypse that seeps into much of Gizzard’s discography––and most crucially K.G. As such, the narrative arc developed in L.W. were conceived the latter intended as both a standalone record and a companion piece to the former. Recent output suggests it’s been business as usual for King Gizzard: you wouldn’t guess their last two albums were made in isolation and pieced together from afar. It’s their seventeenth studio album in a decade-long run as well as their eleventh release in a year (including retrospectives and live albums). Prolific Aussie outfit King Gizzard & The Lizard Wizard return with a third and final foray into microtonal tuning after the ingenious Flying Microtonal Banana (2017) and the more recent K.G. if that occurs, open the file in Adobe Acrobat, and when printing select ‘Print as Image’ in the advanced print settings screen. Note: some PDF viewers do not print these symbols. allows you to highlight symbols within a PDF (intended for use on iPads and similar.can select and highlight the completed areas.) Also allows you to recolour these, and nudge them around. lists all knots and beads, even the tiny hard-to-find ones. Ticking it in the list marks it for deletion. lists all backstitches, even the tiny hard-to-find ones.Ĭlicking on one displays it on the design. drag a line from point to point, and as you drag, the actual length is shown. Whatever you draw on the left is also repeated in reverse on the right. (turns full stitch into quarter stitches by referring to the original image) 'extra detail using petit point' option after an image import (Open that screen for each chart and it will automatically add the colors to your stock list) You can record how many skeins you own, see how many are needed for the current chart, and list any you need to buy. This option is also exposed as 'Magnify' when you select an area. You can add single stitches when zoomed in on the viewport. This allows you to edit on the main screen and also see it in a different format in a second window. ‘Viewport’ Window - same chart in 2 windows at once See the screenshot at the top of the page! either using fonts from your system, or backstitched letters You can of course already draw designs like this in color:īut the new bobble chart option added to Tunisian Crochet dialog turns a ‘normal’ cross stitch pattern, into a text pattern which inserts the extra row, and explains which stitches are plain, and which are bobbled.Įnter text. See what the results will be BEFORE you stitch them!īobble Graphs in Tunisian Crochet screen. Here are just a few:įor crochet, you can export a variety of styles. Work on screen and export in many styles. either ask the creator, use PCStitch to export, or we offer a service which converts these for you. (Newer versions such as 11 and 12 need to be converted to version 7 format. PAT format (PCStitch versions 4 to 7 which can be bought online), the app can open them directly. Menus will display in English, French,German, Italian, Dutch, or SpanishĬlick the image below for more pictures and informationĬlick these logos to read some comparative reviews:ĭana Batho Blog: ‘From a painting to cross stitch’ Print the result, export as PNG files or PDF files, and so much more!Īdd single line comments, copyright information, and miniature keys right onto the design. Squares, circles, flood fill, search & replace, multi-level undo. What you see on screen is what you get on paper and cloth.Ģ021 (premium edition) now includes simple options to create correctly-sized prints for Diamond Paintingĭraw full, half, quarter stitches, beads, knots, backstitch.Ĭhain stitch, bugle beads, pearlier, diamond painting. Turn your own photos into charts - use clip art or images copied from the web (copyright may exist in these images so be careful if you wish to sell the designs afterwards)Īnd of course, the more artistic can design their own creations using little more than the mouse. The app lets you import scanned photos or clip art, chooses suitable colors for you, and converts these into designs, then lets you print out the designs in a variety of easy-to-read pattern styles on your own printer, together with an estimate of the amount of thread used.Īlternatively, you can export to a PDF file, if you intend to sell your work on the web. Windows from Windows 7 upwards, including Windows 10 Same great app, one for each kind of computer!Ĭurrent Version: 2021 (V16.x) - Mac works on all OSX from 10.9 onwards including Catalina/Big Sur and M1 devices. Over the last 25 years, we have developed MacStitch (for Apple Macs) and WinStitch (for Windows machines). Create a new virtual machine in Parallels Desktop with the.Get your desired OS X or macOS from the list above.Download a trial or purchase a license to Parallels Desktop.It’s very easy to create a new macOS virtual machine in Parallels Desktop. It boils down to what Parallels Desktop was invented to help accomplish: getting the most out of your Mac. It’s almost too good to be true to be able to run your favorite or needed 32-bit applications on a freshly updated Mac-but it’s not. The same virtualization technology lets you run older macOSes on Mac-without rebooting or partitioning your hard drive. The virtualization market has crowned Parallels Desktop as the award-winning solution to run Windows on Mac. Most versions are available on the developer portal:.macOS Server: (With this link you can purchase it).10.3, Panther: (Only with an Apple Developer account).10.5, Leopard: Beta builds available at (Only with an Apple Developer account).10.6, Snow Leopard: (Only with an Apple Developer account).10.7, Lion: (With this link you can purchase it).10.8, Mountain Lion: (With this link you can purchase it).10.9, Mavericks: Beta builds available at (Only with an Apple Developer account).Note: Apple often changes the availability of OS X and macOS, so we will keep this list as up to date as we can with the help of Apple communities. Thanks to Krypted, we have a list of older versions of macOS and Mac OS X to download directly from the Mac App Store. However, Apple doesn’t make it easy for a basic user to access older macOS or OS X® operating systems. The Parallels Desktop Installation Assistant makes it easy for macOS users to create a macOS virtual machine even after upgrading to Catalina-so users can still run 32-bit Mac applications on their current Mac. Mac users will be able to continue to run 32-bit applications or programs-even if they are using macOS Catalina-with the help of Parallels Desktop® for Mac. Apple claims Mac users will not have support for 32-bit applications or programs on macOS Catalina. This meditation is really practice for learning to be present. Each day, there is time designated just for sitting. In the life of a Zen monk, sitting meditation (zazen) is one of the most important parts of his day. If it’s important enough to do regularly, consider designating a time for it. You can designate time for your own activities, whether that be work or cleaning or exercise or quiet contemplation. This ensures that those things get done regularly. A time for for bathing, a time for work, a time for cleaning, a time for eating. There are certain times in the day of a Zen monk designated for certain activities. You don’t have to learn the Zen monk rituals - you can create your own, for the preparation of food, for eating, for cleaning, for what you do before you start your work, for what you do when you wake up and before you go to bed, for what you do just before exercise. Ritual gives something a sense of importance - if it’s important enough to have a ritual, it’s important enough to be given your entire attention, and to be done slowly and correctly. Zen monks have rituals for many things they do, from eating to cleaning to meditation. That gives you a more relaxed schedule, and leaves space in case one task takes longer than you planned. Don’t schedule things close together - instead, leave room between things on your schedule. Related to the “Do less” rule, but it’s a way of managing your schedule so that you always have time to complete each task. If you fill your day with tasks, you will be rushing from one thing to the next without stopping to think about what you do. If you do less, you can do those things more slowly, more completely and with more concentration. However, he doesn’t have an unending task list either - there are certain things he’s going to do today, and no more. A Zen monk doesn’t lead a lazy life: he wakes early and has a day filled with work. Then you’re done with that task, and can focus more completely on the next task. If you prepare a sandwich, don’t start eating it until you’ve put away the stuff you used to prepare it, wiped down the counter, and washed the dishes used for preparation. If, for some reason, you have no choice but to move on to something else, try to at least put away the unfinished task and clean up after yourself. Don’t move on to the next task until you’re finished. It takes practice, but it helps you focus on the task. Make your actions deliberate, not rushed and random. Instead, take your time, and move slowly. You can do one task at a time, but also rush that task. Don’t try to knock off a few tasks while eating or bathing. When you’re pouring water, just pour water. It’s part of my philosophy, and it’s also a part of the life of a Zen monk: single-task, don’t multi-task. This rule (and some of the others that follow) will be familiar to long-time Zen Habits readers. “Zen is not some kind of excitement, but concentration on our usual everyday routine.” – Shunryu Suzuki However, I’ve found that there are certain principles that can be applied to any life, no matter what your religious beliefs or what your standard of living. I am no Zen master … I am not even a Zen Buddhist. However, for those who would like a little more detail, I thought I’d share some of the things I’ve discovered to work very well in my experiments with Zen-like living. One of my favorite Zen monks, Thich Nhat Hanh, simplified the rules in just a few words: “Smile, breathe and go slowly.” It doesn’t get any better than that. Because it serves as an example for our lives, and whether we ever really reach that ideal is not the point. Why live more like a Zen monk? Because who among us can’t use a little more concentration, tranquility, and mindfulness in our lives? Because Zen monks for hundreds of years have devoted their lives to being present in everything they do, to being dedicated and to serving others. You probably don’t want to become a Zen monk either, but you can live your life in a more Zen-like manner by following a few simple rules. However, I find great inspiration in the way they try to live their lives: the simplicity of their lives, the concentration and mindfulness of every activity, the calm and peace they find in their days. I’m not a Zen monk, nor will I ever become one. “We have more possibilities available in each moment than we realize.” – Thich Nhat Hanh By Leo Babauta For more information on using LED splitters to complete your LED Strip runs, look at this helpful guide. LEDSupply offers 4 pin RGB splitters and single color LED splitter cables. LED strip splitters come in 2, 3 or 4 way splitters making it possible to connect as many as 4 strips seamlessly to one power adapter! This is extremely handy in running strips in two different directions or running LED strips in parallel. The splitters are commonly referred to as Y splitters or Y cables because of their ability to split off in two different directions. Have you ever wondered how to connect multiple strips to one power source? That is where LED light strip splitters are extremely useful. Follow this full tutorial on how to use them for your project. The LED strip connectors work with 20-22 Gauge stranded wire and come in 2 pin connectors for single color strips or 4 pin LED strip connectors for RGB strips. These types of connections are easily made with EZ click tight LED strip connectors. For example, if you are running under cabinet lighting and have a small break in the cabinets where the stove sits but then need to continue the run of LED strip lights on the other side. LED Strip-to-wire Connector: Connect a strip to wire to go across a distance where light is not needed and then connect to the next piece of strip light. The most common LED strip connections are:Įnd-to-End: Extend the light strip a little further by inserting a gapless strip-to-strip connector In almost every LED strip light project there comes the need to connect LED strips together. Just like that you have an LED light strip with switch that can be toggled on and off whenever you would like. To use, simply plug the power supply into the female end of the cable and plug the opposite end into your strip. The toggle switch is in line with a 12-inch cable with 2.1mm male and female ends, perfect for using with 12V strips and a plug-in power adapter. Just as most people want to control their light, turning that light on and off with a simple switch is a must for many projects both large and small. LED Strip Light with On/Off SwitchĪdding an on off switch to LED strips is easy with the LED Strip toggle switch. If your home has a dimming setup with a common residential dimmer then you will want to use a dimmable LED power supply. The Wi-Fi Smart controllers are available in single color or RGB options. These dimmers are packed with features and are the best option if you are controlling multiple lights all around your home. Wi-Fi LED controllers are becoming the most popular way to dim LED strips as it gives you the option to control straight from your smartphone or voice assistant. RGB strip lights need a 3-channel controller that helps mix the different colors, giving it the color changing effect that many want for accent lighting. The 12V LED strip dimmers use PWM mode output to alter the light coming from the strip. The most common option is using an in-line dimming controller. With LED strip lights, there are many ways to dim and control. Dimming and Controlling LED Strip LightsĪs is the case with most light sources, users want control over their light. Learn how to power LED strip lights right here. There are Plug in LED light power adapters or 12V transformers that directly wire into common household AC line voltage. For in home use this requires a 12V power supply. LEDSupply’s flex strips require 12VDC to run properly. Our last blog installment offers a great intro to 12V LED strip lights that is a great starting point for any newbies to the LED strip light world. LEDSupply offers LED strips for both indoor and outdoor use in a variety of whites, colors or even strips with a color changing effect (also known as RGB strip lights). The best part… there are a wide range of accessories that make 12V LED strip lights user friendly and make installation a breeze! The LED Strip Lightsįirst and foremost, it is important to familiarize yourself with the LED strip options and all the basics of using them. The discrete, self-adhered strips are easy and safe to run for under cabinet lighting, cove lighting and various accent lighting applications that have become popular with the continued growth of LED strip light technology. LED strip lights are the most popular do-it-yourself option for many residential applications. Completing an LED Flex Strip installation does not have to be hard, make it simple with LEDSupply’s strip accessories! Now, I want to be really clear: That may be totally fine. So, what we’ve heard a couple of days ago now is that LastPass has been sold to LogMeIn. I’ve been playing with it a little bit as a potential replacement for TrueCrypt given that A) There have been vulnerabilities found, and we know that they’re not going to get fixed in TrueCrypt. VeraCrypt is something that I’m looking at. If you’re going to switch encryption technology, I strongly recommend that you build a new volume or you re-encrypt using VeraCrypt and then copy your data over onto a VeraCrypt volume or a VeraCrypt drive. But in all honesty, that’s probably not the way I’d recommend you switch to it any way if, indeed, you switch to it at all. The one thing where it kind of fell down for me is that they supposedly won’t be able to open up and manage existing TrueCrypt volumes. If you are familiar at all with TrueCrypt then VeraCrypt will look really familiar, because it’s the same code it is the same stuff the dialogs look the same and so forth. They have fixed this particular flaw, for example and apparently a few other things as well. It is TrueCrypt plus further development. I may refer to it as “Veera” Crypt because my first Corgi’s name was Vera so it’s really hard for me not to say that but VeraCrypt was developed from a snapshot from the TrueCrypt source code at that time TrueCrypt development stopped. The one that’s coming to mind, the one that seems to be relatively solid is one called VeraCrypt. In that time, I had an opportunity to notice who were the “up and comers”, who are the suitable replacements for TrueCrypt. Now, it has been a year since TrueCrypt support was dropped. So I’m not concerned that this means anything about the quality of TrueCrypt, and as we’ve said, it has nothing to do with the encryption of TrueCrypt, but without formal support for TrueCrypt, in other words, this bug isn’t going to get fixed, because TrueCrypt development has stopped, we need to start thinking about what are the alternatives. The systems we have today are incredibly complex. That’s why we keep finding vulnerabilities all of the time everywhere. Those kinds of vulnerabilities slipped through, which, and again, not to really be too concerned about it, I mean this is really complex software. It clearly focused more on TrueCrypt’s encryption as compared to its interaction with the system but (which is where the vulnerability was found so that the encryption was fine), but the fact is some things slipped through. There was an actual security audit performed on TrueCrypt. Then with or without this particular vulnerability in TrueCrypt, you know malware could be logging your keystrokes, could be reading your data, doing whatever.īut it has got us thinking a little bit, because as we know, about a year ago now, TrueCrypt was unceremoniously dropped by its developer with some very vague notes that had everybody kind of freaking out at the time. You don’t have to worry about your data being exposed somehow, unless of course, you have malware on your machine. The really good news, of course, is that vulnerability has nothing to do with TrueCrypt’s encryption. TrueCrypt’s encryption remains solid. So, naturally, I mean the good news is that it requires the cooperation or the presence of malware to take advantage of or to exploit that vulnerability in TrueCrypt. It is likely that it’s not a huge deal, but as I understand it, the way it works is that the security flaw in TrueCrypt would allow malware on your machine to gain elevated privileges. In other words, become administrator on your machine, and once malware becomes administrator, they can do all sorts of nasty things. As I understand it, it may only apply to TrueCrypt used in a specific way, meaning whole disk encryption. So, TrueCrypt, you probably heard announced a couple of weeks ago that there had been found a security flaw in TrueCrypt itself. LastPass, we just heard a couple of days ago that they’ve been sold to LogMeIn, and then I ran into something that doesn’t portend well for the future of Boxcryptor Classic.Īll three of these are software that I’ve recommended, so I wanted to quickly take a few minutes and talk about what the issue is with each of them why you shouldn’t necessarily panic, of course, but then also what I’m looking into to move forward for each of them, in case we end up needing to make some changes. TrueCrypt, we heard about its security flaw a couple of weeks ago. In the last couple of weeks, we’ve had pieces of news, and I’ve had at least one experience with each of those three pieces of software I just mentioned. Boxcrypter, TrueCrypt, LastPass … Oh, my! In this sense, it is similar to things like asbestos, lead and mercury, all of which you are likely to encounter in the environment naturally, and all of which present a small, but not insignificant environmental hazard. Skin contact, while ill advised is less hazardous, if you do get it on your skin, wash it off with plenty of water and soap or hand cleaner. The amount of material involved is pretty small, and the radioactivity present in a single watch dial is not a huge amount, but it should be treated with respect to avoid ingesting it. Something oil based may be better, and any solvent that evaporates rapidly may transport the particles into the air. If removing old lume, wear gloves, and a mask, and keep the old lume in a paste form by using some form of barrier material, water, while it may leave marks is probably OK. The hazard is relatively low, but you should still take care. That is the beauty of forums like this with learned members, being informed goes a long way to being safe.īe aware that even if the dial no longer glows, it is still probably radioactive, since the half life of Radium is around 1600 years, and other transuranic elements are probably present with similar or longer half lives. But if I do, at least I have a clear understanding of what I am up against and how to handle the situation to minimize the risk to myself and others around me. For me, i will probably never work on a radium watch. If you are not sure if the watch you are working on is radioactive and you do not wish to assume the risk, what little there is, while taking the proper precautions, then pass such work on to some one else. As clockboy states finger cots a dust mask and store in a sealed container and all is good. or if you feel strongly about it you can spray it with water remove it to a plastic bag seal the bag and be done with it. With asbestos in radios just leave it alone. Only if you start cutting grinding or scraping will you release particles into the air. With asbestos as with the paint, if you leave it alone there is no risk. the subject of what to do comes up a lot.just like the subject of radioactive paint from days gone by. I dabble in antique radio restoration and a lot of radios used asbestos cloth sheets for heat control. Radium like asbestos needs to be treated with respect, but both seem to garner a lot of fear mongering. If not sure use a mask when disassembling and store the dials and hands under cover and wear finger cots when handling. For those who regularly work on vintage watches should invest in a radon detector. Open storage in living or working areas that contain potential Radio-luminescent paint should be avoided. Radiation and radon gas from radio - luminescent paint a potentially dangerous to watch collectors and repairers. The only way to be 100% sure is to use a radiation detector. Radio-luminescent paint ceases to glow after a few years, so lack of glow from the paint is not a reliable indication of whether it is radioactive or not. The problem for us watch repairers is detecting if the vintage watch you are repairing/servicing has a radium dial or hands is not easy. When Radium enters the body it results in cancers and many died from this. The hazards of radium paint were highlighted by the story of the “Radium Girls”, luminous dial painters of the 1920s not only shaped their brushes with their lips ,but painted their teeth, lips and eyebrows with luminous radium paint, consuming significant amounts of radium. Luminous timepieces really took off during the Great War, when a wristwatch with a luminous dial quickly became regarded as a necessity. In this months BHI mag (November 2018) is an article “Radon Hazards of Luminous Timepieces” Understanding Risks From vintage watches. A key driver is rapid and ongoing urbanisation, which can result in a marked reduction in opportunities to experience nature, as a high proportion of urban areas are composed of artificial materials and segregated from natural systems and processes. Worldwide, children are becoming less likely to have direct contact with nature. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Additional financial support was provided by the School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences at the University of Brighton. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.įunding: Funding for the project came from the Sussex Ornithological Society’s (SOS) Avifauna Award ( ). Received: SeptemAccepted: FebruPublished: March 6, 2018Ĭopyright: © 2018 White et al. PLoS ONE 13(3):Įditor: Etsuro Ito, Waseda University, JAPAN We therefore believe that such interventions, if repeated locally/longer term, could enhance children’s experience with nature in urban settings with combined positive environmental impact.Ĭitation: White RL, Eberstein K, Scott DM (2018) Birds in the playground: Evaluating the effectiveness of an urban environmental education project in enhancing school children’s awareness, knowledge and attitudes towards local wildlife. Collectively, the findings from this study highlight the multiple benefits that can be derived from engagement with a relatively short outdoor environmental activity. One year after the project, several schools were continuing to feed and watch birds. Mirroring this, participating teachers endorsed the project as a positive learning experience for their students. Student project evaluation scores were consistently positive. Many children expressed a keenness to continue improving the environmental value of their school grounds and to apply elements of the project at home. Via pre- and post-project questionnaires, we found evidence for enhanced awareness of local biodiversity, alongside significant gains in both bird identification knowledge and attitudes, which were greatest for children with little prior exposure to nature. This initiative was conducted across eight (sub-)urban primary schools within Brighton and Hove (UK), with 220 participating children (aged 7 to 10). Here, we explore and assess the influence of a six-week bird-feeding and monitoring project conducted within school grounds (“Bird Buddies”) on individual awareness, knowledge and attitudes towards birds by primary school children. However, limited research has been conducted evaluating to what extent these interventions achieve their goals. Urban environmental education programmes typically aim to increase awareness and knowledge of local biodiversity and to promote positive attitudes and behaviour towards the environment. Yet there are many potential benefits from children interacting with nature first-hand, including via outdoor learning opportunities. Children nowadays, particularly in urban areas, are more disconnected from nature than ever before, leading to a large-scale “extinction of experience” with the natural world. |
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